The Effect Of Violent Behavior - 1216 Words

Everybody knows the effects of violence. The effects of violent behavior are generally bad. The causes are something very little known. Most people say that violent video games and television shows are the source of violence in our society but they are not the only source. There are many theories that try to explain what those causes are. Theories include, biological, macrosocial, and psychosocial. Albert Reis and Jeffrey Roth identify two levels of explanation including the individual, microsocial and macrosocial levels. Theories at the individual and macrosocial levels seek to understand why some individuals or groups engage in violent crime more than others do (Reis and Roth). Biological theories hold that the biological makeup of a†¦show more content†¦Elias’s theory is important because it accounts for historical changes in violence rates in America. While there are many theories that attempt to understand the causes of violence, a psychological factor can come i nto play. Experiencing violence can cause victims to become violent themselves and continue this cycle into adulthood by becoming perpetrators or victims of violent behaviors. Children learn very early about right and wrong. The exposure to violence at a young age can have an effect on a person’s development and behavior as an adult. Children who witness violence often are more aggressive. Those rejected by their parents are more likely to experience PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) and problems with social information processing, which can lead to violence toward their intimate partners. A violent upbringing and a lack of early positive experiences, increases a child’s tendency to become violent in the future. If they grow up in violence, children and young adults often learn that violence is an acceptable way of dealing with conflict. Some learn to expect maltreatment from others because they grew up thinking that was supposed to happen. If children do not have something positive in their lives, they will turn to violence in adulthood, are more likely to become depressed, and have feelings of hopelessness. Video games and television can contribute to violent behavior and aggression but they are not always violent or

Nature Vs Nurture Assignment Written By Jessica Lovelock

Nature Vs Nurture – Assignment written by Jessica Lovelock The Nature-Nurture debate has been scrutinised by psychologists for over a hundred years and, more recently, by biologists in the field of cognitive science. It inquires as to the influence of both ‘nature’; the hereditary present factors of a person determined by biological genetics; ‘Nurture’ is based on circumstance, the belief that the person we are is purely influenced by our environment, upbringing and circumstances that we encounter. This essay will cover both sides of the Nature vs Nurture debate while relating to behaviourism and criminal behaviour. ‘Criminal behaviour’ is a wide topic and encompasses many different types of behaviour and motivations/reasons for such; this essay will focus on criminal acts committed by those who suffer from a diagnosed mental health disorder, and consider the Nature-Nurture debate within this context. To simplify the nurture philosophy Aristotle believed and argued that we are all born with an empty mind, a blank canvas; he believed all behaviour and thoughts are due to experience. As well as Aristotle, Watson held the same belief based on his in depth research on Pavlov’s observations. in 1913 Watson announced that he would be known as a then-new type of psychologist - a behaviourist; He went on to famously quote Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become

Nosocomial Infections Free Essays

Remember your mother always reminding you to wash your hands? We have all been told to do so at one point in our lives or another. As children we grudgingly obeyed, not really appreciating the wisdom and love behind the statement. For most of us, the value of hand hygiene is superficial; a means to clean soiled, unsightly hands. We will write a custom essay sample on Nosocomial Infections or any similar topic only for you Order Now We were not aware that washing our hands regularly was a primary defense against many types of diseases. As a child it was imposed upon us by our parents, but as we grew older, we realize its true value but no longer practice it on a regular basis, finding it inconvenient and a waste of time. The truth is that hand hygiene is one of our best defenses against diseases. The simple act of washing and rubbing our hands vigorously with soap and running water is an effective shield against bacteria-borne infections. And this is especially true for health care professionals who are exposed to bacteria on a regular basis. People go to hospitals and other healthcare institutions for medical attention and treatment of their ailments. However, while most people get well after a trip to the hospital, there are cases where people get worse because of exposure to harmful microorganisms that abound in these hospitals. In hospitals, bacteria proliferate because of the high concentration of ill people at one place at any one given time, and they can cause secondary infections to people going to the hospital. These types of infections are caught secondary to a hospital visit or stay, and are called nosocomial infections. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) defined nosocomial infections or healthcare-acquired infections as â€Å"infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment.† (Boyce, 2002, 29) And because these patients did not initially harbor these nosocomial infections, they could only have been acquired while in the hospital, while in contact with doctors and nurses who go from one sick patient to another. These health care professionals become the main mode of transmission for nosocomial infections, and this is made even worse especially if doctors and nurses do not practice proper hand hygiene. It does not take a rocket scientist to figure it out. In hospitals, most patients are bed-ridden, not allowed to go from one place to another. Therefore, the risk of them directly infecting another patient is slim. Only doctors and nurses move about from one patient to another, in constant physical contact with the patients. Because the hands are their main point of contact, the hands become the main vehicle of microbes as well. They â€Å"stick† to the doctors and nurses hands, and remain there until they are â€Å"dropped off† somewhere else. This process goes on and on until the bacteria find a suitable host, which is almost always, the human body. Inside the human body, these microbes will colonize and proliferate, causing many types of health problems. These transient, disease causing bacteria use the skin as temporary vehicles to get from one point to another. However, because these microbes are transient and non-colonizing on the skin surface, they are easily removed by proper and rigorous hand washing with an anti-microbial soap and water. Therefore, proper hand washing can halt the spread of disease-causing bacteria in their tracks. If doctors and nurses fail to clean their hands, they become virtual havens for microbes, transmitting and causing nosocomial infections. The figures are alarming. Studies have shown that one out of every 20 patients contract nosocomial infections because of inadequate hygiene practices in most American hospitals. These nosocomial infections â€Å"kill an estimated 103,000 people in the United States a year, as many as AIDS, breast cancer and auto accidents combined.† (McCaughey, 2005, 1) The World Health Organization says that nosocomial or healthcare acquired infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. (Ducel, 2002, 7) And all of this because of dirty hands. And all of these deaths and suffering are unnecessary. They can be easily remedied. If every healthcare worker would faithfully practice proper hand hygiene as they move from one patient to another, â€Å"there would be an immediate and profound reduction in the spread of resistant bacteria.†(Goldmann, 2006, 122) From every point of contact with patients, the hands of doctors and nurses are dirty, carrying infection-causing microbes; and as doctors and nurses attend to their patients’ needs, these bacteria move into the patients. While most of these bacteria can normally be fought off by the body, the compromised bodies of patients already weakened by an existing sickness become easy targets for these parasites, and nosocomial infections can easily set in. And because these infections attack a weak immune system, these can lead to more serious complications and even death. As the main vectors of nosocomial infections, doctors and nurses can prevent the spread through appropriate hand-sanitizing procedures. Hand hygiene is the single most important patient care practice that health care providers can do to prevent cross contamination and nosocomial infection. Some may say that hand hygiene is made redundant by wearing of antiseptic gloves on a regular basis. However, even if doctors and nurses wear gloves, it will also be contaminated if the hands are not clean in the first place. These gloves must be worn and removed using the hands, and so the cycle of contamination perpetuates itself in the hands of doctors and nurses with dirty hands. The premise of hand washing is very simple and very effective. Microbes are parasites. They depend on a host to live and reproduce themselves. However, bacteria are not mobile; they do have the means to move from one place to another. As such, they depend on outside help to move about and find new hosts to infect. This help comes in the form of doctors and nurse, who because of their many responsibilities, forget to clean their hands, or do so incorrectly. The anti-microbial property of soaps plus the rigorous friction of the rubbing of the hands can easily remove, weaken, or even kill these transient, infection-causing microbes before they can cause anyone any more harm. As such, a system-wide must be enforced, making proper hand hygiene mandatory for all doctors and nurses. Hand hygiene stations must be installed all over hospitals to make it easy for healthcare workers to clean their hands anytime. Indeed nosocomial infections can exact a high price. But what is even more unfortunate about nosocomial infections is the fact that it can be avoided. These healthcare associated infections are unnecessary tragedies that can be easily prevented with proper sanitation and hygiene procedures. Of course it is important to note that hand hygiene or hand washing is not enough. It must be done properly, following certain guidelines. It is not enough to clean the hands; they must be disinfected. Normal or ordinary hand washing is the same as no hand hygiene at all. This means that hand washing must be done right, or not at all because it does not make any difference to harmful microbes or the health of the patients. Hand hygiene depends on the case and the area of the hospital involved. Normal hand hygiene should be done for at least a minute, with vigorous rubbing of the two hands against each other. Plain soap has been proven to effective against microorganism because the soap lifts the microbes off the surface of the skin to be rinsed off by running water. Hand hygiene need not be complicated or costly. All it takes is soap, running water, and friction, and the discipline to do it regularly and properly. The key is to make it a habit. There is no dearth of evidence showing that hand washing is effective in halting the spread of infections; the problem is that very few people in the health care industry practice hand hygiene in compliance with regulations. Most wash their hands but do so inappropriately, which is useless in itself. While stopping the spread of nosocomial infections is complex, there is no denying the fact that the first line of defense against nosocomial infections is hand hygiene for nurses and doctors. Simple adherence to proper cleaning/disinfecting procedures is all that is needed to prevent needless infections from spreading any further and causing more harm. It is simply a matter of discipline. First do no harm†¦ that is the adage that all health workers swear by. It is ironic that nurses and doctors should also be the main vectors of nosocomial infections. These nosocomial infections are the shame of the healthcare system because it can be prevented with faithful compliance to proper hygiene procedures. The solution lies literally in our hands. If we don’t clean our hands, then it is dirty with the needless suffering and death of patients from nosocomial infections. Our dirty hands are guilty hands. Works Cited Goldmann, Donald. â€Å"System Failure Versus Personal Accoutability–The Case for Clean Hands. New England Journal of Medicine. 355:121-3. 13 July 2006. 22 May 2007. https://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/355/2/121.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs).  Ã‚   Retrieved March 17, 2007, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/healthDis.html Ducel, G., et al., eds. Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections-A Practical Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2002. 21 May 2007.   http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/drugresist/whocdscsreph200212.pdf Gorman, Christine. â€Å"Wash Those Hands† How doctors and nurses can make you sick — and what you can do about it. TIME. 163. 1. 29 March 2004: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomas Gale. Pasco-Hernando Community College Lib., New Port Richey, FL. 23 May 2007. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,993710,00.html â€Å"Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings† Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. 51. 25. Oct. 2002: 1-44. Boyce, John and Diddier, Pittet. Het.comps Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR. Retrieved on 23 May 2007.   http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5116a1.htm McCaughey, Betsy. â€Å"Coming Clean. (Editorial Desk) (Hospital Hygiene and Infections).† The New York Times. 6 June 2005: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomas Gale. Pasco-Hernando Community College Lib., New Port Richey, FL. 23 May 2007. http://hospitalinfection.org/press/060505ny_times.pdf How to cite Nosocomial Infections, Essay examples Nosocomial Infections Free Essays Remember your mother always reminding you to wash your hands? We have all been told to do so at one point in our lives or another. As children we grudgingly obeyed, not really appreciating the wisdom and love behind the statement. For most of us, the value of hand hygiene is superficial; a means to clean soiled, unsightly hands. We will write a custom essay sample on Nosocomial Infections or any similar topic only for you Order Now We were not aware that washing our hands regularly was a primary defense against many types of diseases. As a child it was imposed upon us by our parents, but as we grew older, we realize its true value but no longer practice it on a regular basis, finding it inconvenient and a waste of time. The truth is that hand hygiene is one of our best defenses against diseases. The simple act of washing and rubbing our hands vigorously with soap and running water is an effective shield against bacteria-borne infections. And this is especially true for health care professionals who are exposed to bacteria on a regular basis. People go to hospitals and other healthcare institutions for medical attention and treatment of their ailments. However, while most people get well after a trip to the hospital, there are cases where people get worse because of exposure to harmful microorganisms that abound in these hospitals. In hospitals, bacteria proliferate because of the high concentration of ill people at one place at any one given time, and they can cause secondary infections to people going to the hospital. These types of infections are caught secondary to a hospital visit or stay, and are called nosocomial infections. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) defined nosocomial infections or healthcare-acquired infections as â€Å"infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment.† (Boyce, 2002, 29) And because these patients did not initially harbor these nosocomial infections, they could only have been acquired while in the hospital, while in contact with doctors and nurses who go from one sick patient to another. These health care professionals become the main mode of transmission for nosocomial infections, and this is made even worse especially if doctors and nurses do not practice proper hand hygiene. It does not take a rocket scientist to figure it out. In hospitals, most patients are bed-ridden, not allowed to go from one place to another. Therefore, the risk of them directly infecting another patient is slim. Only doctors and nurses move about from one patient to another, in constant physical contact with the patients. Because the hands are their main point of contact, the hands become the main vehicle of microbes as well. They â€Å"stick† to the doctors and nurses hands, and remain there until they are â€Å"dropped off† somewhere else. This process goes on and on until the bacteria find a suitable host, which is almost always, the human body. Inside the human body, these microbes will colonize and proliferate, causing many types of health problems. These transient, disease causing bacteria use the skin as temporary vehicles to get from one point to another. However, because these microbes are transient and non-colonizing on the skin surface, they are easily removed by proper and rigorous hand washing with an anti-microbial soap and water. Therefore, proper hand washing can halt the spread of disease-causing bacteria in their tracks. If doctors and nurses fail to clean their hands, they become virtual havens for microbes, transmitting and causing nosocomial infections. The figures are alarming. Studies have shown that one out of every 20 patients contract nosocomial infections because of inadequate hygiene practices in most American hospitals. These nosocomial infections â€Å"kill an estimated 103,000 people in the United States a year, as many as AIDS, breast cancer and auto accidents combined.† (McCaughey, 2005, 1) The World Health Organization says that nosocomial or healthcare acquired infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. (Ducel, 2002, 7) And all of this because of dirty hands. And all of these deaths and suffering are unnecessary. They can be easily remedied. If every healthcare worker would faithfully practice proper hand hygiene as they move from one patient to another, â€Å"there would be an immediate and profound reduction in the spread of resistant bacteria.†(Goldmann, 2006, 122) From every point of contact with patients, the hands of doctors and nurses are dirty, carrying infection-causing microbes; and as doctors and nurses attend to their patients’ needs, these bacteria move into the patients. While most of these bacteria can normally be fought off by the body, the compromised bodies of patients already weakened by an existing sickness become easy targets for these parasites, and nosocomial infections can easily set in. And because these infections attack a weak immune system, these can lead to more serious complications and even death. As the main vectors of nosocomial infections, doctors and nurses can prevent the spread through appropriate hand-sanitizing procedures. Hand hygiene is the single most important patient care practice that health care providers can do to prevent cross contamination and nosocomial infection. Some may say that hand hygiene is made redundant by wearing of antiseptic gloves on a regular basis. However, even if doctors and nurses wear gloves, it will also be contaminated if the hands are not clean in the first place. These gloves must be worn and removed using the hands, and so the cycle of contamination perpetuates itself in the hands of doctors and nurses with dirty hands. The premise of hand washing is very simple and very effective. Microbes are parasites. They depend on a host to live and reproduce themselves. However, bacteria are not mobile; they do have the means to move from one place to another. As such, they depend on outside help to move about and find new hosts to infect. This help comes in the form of doctors and nurse, who because of their many responsibilities, forget to clean their hands, or do so incorrectly. The anti-microbial property of soaps plus the rigorous friction of the rubbing of the hands can easily remove, weaken, or even kill these transient, infection-causing microbes before they can cause anyone any more harm. As such, a system-wide must be enforced, making proper hand hygiene mandatory for all doctors and nurses. Hand hygiene stations must be installed all over hospitals to make it easy for healthcare workers to clean their hands anytime. Indeed nosocomial infections can exact a high price. But what is even more unfortunate about nosocomial infections is the fact that it can be avoided. These healthcare associated infections are unnecessary tragedies that can be easily prevented with proper sanitation and hygiene procedures. Of course it is important to note that hand hygiene or hand washing is not enough. It must be done properly, following certain guidelines. It is not enough to clean the hands; they must be disinfected. Normal or ordinary hand washing is the same as no hand hygiene at all. This means that hand washing must be done right, or not at all because it does not make any difference to harmful microbes or the health of the patients. Hand hygiene depends on the case and the area of the hospital involved. Normal hand hygiene should be done for at least a minute, with vigorous rubbing of the two hands against each other. Plain soap has been proven to effective against microorganism because the soap lifts the microbes off the surface of the skin to be rinsed off by running water. Hand hygiene need not be complicated or costly. All it takes is soap, running water, and friction, and the discipline to do it regularly and properly. The key is to make it a habit. There is no dearth of evidence showing that hand washing is effective in halting the spread of infections; the problem is that very few people in the health care industry practice hand hygiene in compliance with regulations. Most wash their hands but do so inappropriately, which is useless in itself. While stopping the spread of nosocomial infections is complex, there is no denying the fact that the first line of defense against nosocomial infections is hand hygiene for nurses and doctors. Simple adherence to proper cleaning/disinfecting procedures is all that is needed to prevent needless infections from spreading any further and causing more harm. It is simply a matter of discipline. First do no harm†¦ that is the adage that all health workers swear by. It is ironic that nurses and doctors should also be the main vectors of nosocomial infections. These nosocomial infections are the shame of the healthcare system because it can be prevented with faithful compliance to proper hygiene procedures. The solution lies literally in our hands. If we don’t clean our hands, then it is dirty with the needless suffering and death of patients from nosocomial infections. Our dirty hands are guilty hands. Works Cited Goldmann, Donald. â€Å"System Failure Versus Personal Accoutability–The Case for Clean Hands. New England Journal of Medicine. 355:121-3. 13 July 2006. 22 May 2007. https://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/355/2/121.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs).  Ã‚   Retrieved March 17, 2007, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/healthDis.html Ducel, G., et al., eds. Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections-A Practical Guide. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2002. 21 May 2007.   http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/drugresist/whocdscsreph200212.pdf Gorman, Christine. â€Å"Wash Those Hands† How doctors and nurses can make you sick — and what you can do about it. TIME. 163. 1. 29 March 2004: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomas Gale. Pasco-Hernando Community College Lib., New Port Richey, FL. 23 May 2007. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,993710,00.html â€Å"Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings† Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. 51. 25. Oct. 2002: 1-44. Boyce, John and Diddier, Pittet. Het.comps Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR. Retrieved on 23 May 2007.   http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5116a1.htm McCaughey, Betsy. â€Å"Coming Clean. (Editorial Desk) (Hospital Hygiene and Infections).† The New York Times. 6 June 2005: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomas Gale. Pasco-Hernando Community College Lib., New Port Richey, FL. 23 May 2007. http://hospitalinfection.org/press/060505ny_times.pdf How to cite Nosocomial Infections, Essay examples

Australian vs. South East Asian Approaches to Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Australian vs. South East Asian Approaches to Leadership. Answer: Australia and South-East Asia have two of the oldest cultures in the world. It can be seen that many great leaders from different areas have raised from these two regions. The main aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the various aspects of cultures and leaderships of these two regions. Cultural Characteristics The cultural characteristics of these two regions are described below: Australia: The basic characteristic of the culture of Australia is that it is a Western Culture. The Australian culture has the influence of both Britain and the unique geography of Australia (Wiewiora et al., 2013). The Australian culture was derived from the input of Aboriginals, Torres Strait Islander and other Oceanian people. English is considered as the primary language of Australia. The society of Australia is a multi-cultural society. During the period of Second World War, a heavy migration occurred in Australia from Europe, Greece, Italy, Germany and others (Fiske, Hodge Turner, 2016). Greetings are casual and relaxed in Australia and the Australians are not well known for their formality. Australia has a democratic government system. South-East Asia: The culture of South- East Asia is a diverse one. One of the major characteristics of South- East Asia is that they are less discriminating when compared to the other cultures (Warner, 2014). The origin of this characteristic is the multi-ethnic group structure of South- East Asia. The two major part of South- East Asia are Mainland Southeast Asia and Maritime Southeast Asia. Both tribal culture and sophisticated civilized culture can be seen in the various parts of South- East Asia. The major three cultures of South- East Asia are Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism (Kunstadter, 2017). A common feature of the South- East Asia is the slit houses along with agriculture of rice paddy. Leadership Characteristics Many differences as well as similarities can be seen in the leadership processes of Australia and South- East Asia. The characteristic are discussed below: Australia: There are five major characteristics of leadership in Australia. First, the leaders of Australia are more competitive than others. The leaders of Australia are driven by the higher ambition (Chhokar, Brodbeck House, 2013). Being visionary is another important characteristic of the leaders of Australia. They always think out of the box at the time of decision-making process. The risk taking ability of the leaders are another major characteristic of the leaders of Australia. The leaders are dynamic in nature. They always stand out in the crowd. Having a greater sense of urgency is one of the crucial characteristic of the leader of Australia. These are the major characteristics of the leaders of Australia. South- East Asia: Some major characteristics can be in the leaders of South- East Asia. First, the foundational mindset is one of the major characteristic of the leaders of South- East Asia. They are always willing to learn something new. Deep self-awareness is another important characteristic of the leaders of South- East Asia (Cheng et al., 2014). The ability to bring the people together is one of the major characteristics of South- East Asia. This characteristic is called Genuine Inclusiveness. The leaders of South- East Asia are authentic listeners (Muenjohn Armstrong, 2015). This trait makes them popular to their followers. The natural risk taking ability is a crucial characteristic of the leaders of South- East Asia. These are the major characteristics of the leaders of South- East Asia. Leaders Australia One of the renowned political leaders is the former prime minister of Australia, Gough Whitlam. He is one of the most influential prime leaders of Australia, who changed the social, national and foreign policies of the country. He has achieved many great things (thefamouspeople.com, 2017). One of the famous business leaders of Australia is Chris Corrigan. He is one of the famous businessperson of Maritime Union. It can be seen that Chris Corrigan had a large number of followers and his leadership style influenced many people all over the world (woopidoo.com, 2017). One of the famous social figure of Australia is Bob Hawke. He was selected as the president of Australia in the year of 1969. He influenced the whole population of Australia at his time. Bob Hawke did not like to repeat his mistakes. He led a disciplined and pragmatic administration by his leadership style (theaustralian.com.au, 2017). South-East Asia One of the renowned political leaders of South East Asia was Lee Kuan Yew. He was the prime minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. He was the longest service prime minster in the history of the world. His leadership style was the key factor for this (biography.com, 2017). One of the famous business leaders of South East Asia is Nita Ambani. She is the director and chairperson of Reliance Industries of India. She is an amazing leader as she has influenced many people by her leadership style (forbes.com, 2017). One of the most influential people in South East Asia is Ratan Tata. He was the former chairperson of Tata Group. He is a influential leader as he has influenced many people around the world (Cappelli et al., 2015). References Cappelli, P., Singh, H., Singh, J., Useem, M. (2015). Indian business leadership: Broad mission and creative value.The Leadership Quarterly,26(1), 7-12. Cheng, B. S., Boer, D., Chou, L. F., Huang, M. P., Yoneyama, S., Shim, D., ... Tsai, C. Y. (2014). Paternalistic leadership in four East Asian societies: Generalizability and cultural differences of the triad model.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,45(1), 82-90. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Famous Australians - Business Leaders. (2017).Woopidoo.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.woopidoo.com/profession/country/australia.htm Fiske, J., Hodge, B., Turner, G. (2016).Myths of Oz: reading Australian popular culture. Routledge. Forbes Welcome. (2017).Forbes.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesasia/2016/04/06/asias-50-power-businesswomen-2016/#4447f12b59ef Kunstadter, P. (2017).Southeast Asian tribes, minorities, and nations(Vol. 1). Princeton University Press. Lee Kuan Yew. (2017).Biography. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.biography.com/people/lee-kuan-yew-9377339 Muenjohn, N., Armstrong, A. (2015). Transformational leadership: The influence of culture on the leadership behaviours of expatriate managers.international Journal of Business and information,2(2). Top 50 Most influential | The Australian | 50th Birthday | Top 50 Most influential | The Australian. (2017).Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/50th-birthday/top-50-most-influential Warner, M. (2014).Culture and management in Asia. Routledge. Who is Gough Whitlam? Everything You Need to Know. (2017).Thefamouspeople.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/gough-whitlam-3824.php Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G., Coffey, V. (2013). Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), 1163-1174.